同一個未來 | 西湖大學校長施一公在2024耶魯中美峰會作主旨演講

*紐黑文會場Yale Science Building

北京時間4月6日晚上9點，耶魯北京中心。

美東時間當天上午9點，耶魯大學。

相隔一片大洋和12個小時的時差，第十屆耶魯中美峰會開啟。本次峰會以“行穩緻遠，合作共赢 Forge a Shared Future”為主題，西湖大學校長施一公受邀作主旨演講。

他“借用”了2008年北京奧運的口号——“同一個世界，同一個夢想”，将所有人的目光聚焦到全人類共同擁有的——“同一個世界，同一個未來”。

“隻有通過國際交流與合作，我們才能擁有美好的、蓬勃的未來。”以此為題，施一公在主旨演講中分享了不同曆史階段的三個故事。

01容闳與耶魯

第一個故事，要回溯到19世紀，施一公在許多場合都會拿出來講一講。

故事的主人公，叫容闳，後來被稱為“中國留學生之父”。

1847年，容闳跟随他的老師布朗前往美國求學，三年後成功考取耶魯大學，成了中國大地上第一個留美大學生。畢業後，容闳回到祖國，開始了他長達16年遊說清政府将學生送往海外接受教育的努力。

1872年，在容闳的不懈推動下，清政府派出第一批赴美留學幼童，開啟了中華兒女為追尋民族複興夢想而負笈海外留學的曆史征程。

這些人當中，産生了中國第一所現代大學北洋大學的校長梁敦彥和蔡紹基、清華大學的首任校長唐國安、中華民國首任内閣總理唐紹儀、民國時期的鐵路大王詹天佑等。

西湖大學博士生“開學第一課”裡也有這個故事

5年前的四月，世界讀書日，施一公第一次在校内與所有師生共讀了這個故事。

5年後的四月，耶魯中美峰會，他再度與大家分享容闳與耶魯的過往，以及他們所共有的、對于“同一個世界”的遠見卓識。

“他睿智、執着，愛國而開放，充滿激情卻又富于理性，十數年如一日推動中國教育走向近代。”施一公說。

The first story began in 1847 when Mr. Yung Wing (容闳) followed his mentor, Priest Brown, to the U.S., becoming one of the first Chinese students to study overseas. He enrolled at Yale three years later and obtained his bachelor's degree in 1854. Yung Wing returned to China soon afterwards and began his 16-year effort of lobbying the Qing government to send students overseas for education. His effort won support from two government heavyweights: Zeng Guofan（曾國藩）and Li Hongzhang（李鴻章）.

In 1872, the Qing government finally approved Yung Wing's proposal. That Summer, 30 Chinese students, aged between 9 and 15, set sail on a steam boat from Shanghai, arrived in San Francisco 33 days later, and were placed into American schools and universities. This program continued for three more years and allowed a total of 120 Chinese students to learn, grow, and explore on the other side of the Pacific Ocean.

In 1881, ordered by the Qing government, 93 students returned to their homeland. They had collectively changed China's course, quietly but profoundly. Among these returnees are Zhan Tianyou (詹天佑), a legendary railroad engineer; Tang Guoan (唐國安), the founding President of Tsinghua University; and Tang Shaoyi (唐紹儀), the first cabinet Prime Minister of the Republic of China.

In 1895, one of these early pioneers, Cai Shaoji (蔡紹基), an alumnus of Yale Law School, assumed the presidency of Peiyang University, arguably China's first modern university. Over the following two decades, several modern higher education institutions were founded in China.

The clear benefits of advanced learning and cultural exchanges motivated the creation of many other programs in China. Among these, the Tsinghua School was established in 1911 as a dedicated preparatory school for college studies in the U.S. In 1925, the Tsinghua School formally became Tsinghua University, with U.S.-trained students coming back to play a crucial role in the university buildup for decades to come.

02中國與美國

時間快進100年，是一個看上去很像，但大不一樣的故事。

如果說容闳的故事講的是西學東漸，那麼開啟于1978年的第二個故事，則是東西方文化與智慧真正開始交融與生長。

從19世紀耶魯大學的畢業生遠度重洋到中國辦學校，到2014年北京耶魯中心作為耶魯大學首個校辦國外實體中心正式設立，此間的變化也印證了百年來不可阻擋的東西方交流與合作。

1978年，改革開放。

當年12月末，52位中國學生和學者，一個平均年齡42歲的團隊，踏上了前往美國求學的航班。這是新中國第一批赴美留學的大陸學子，他們在中美建交前五天踏上了美國的土地。

百年前後的曆史畫面，似乎在這一刻交疊了。

施一公在美國博士畢業

此後的數十年裡，這樣的留學生越來越多，施一公自己也是其中一個。1990年4月，他從上海虹橋機場出發赴美求學。那一年，中國大陸有大約兩萬名學生赴美讀博。截至2019年底，已經有超過六百萬中國學生在海外獲得學位，其中超過半數選擇美國。

“在探索人類知識前沿的過程中，中國學生和學者正在全球範圍内扮演着越來越重要的角色。”施一公說，有相當數量的留學生畢業後留在美國開拓事業，他們在美國的科研機構和高科技公司做出了可觀的貢獻；而那些學成回國的留學生，也同樣為中國社會的方方面面帶來了變革和發展的力量。“中國人的學術發現和技術突破正在深刻地改變着這個世界和我們共同的未來。”

By the end of 2019, more than 4 million Chinese students had returned to their homeland, creating a major force of transformation in every corner of the Chinese society. For another example, in the past 15 years since 2008, the number of innovative new pharmaceuticals approved by China's National Medical Products Administration has increased more than 30-fold compared to the previous 15 years. The vast majority of these drugs were discovered by overseas returnees.

Most importantly, collaboration between Chinese and American scientists is a major source of breakthroughs in basic research. The cross-border flow of students, scholars, entrepreneurs, and tourists has brought tremendous benefits to China, the U.S., and the global community. Now, China hosts approximately half a million international students. Such exchanges are a crucial feature of modern society and a pre-requisite for sharing the same earth planet by all nations and all peoples.

03西湖與世界

與前兩個故事相比，最後一個故事才剛剛開始。

“我是改革開放的直接受益者。”施一公在演講中說，自己生在中國、長在中國，并先後在中美頂尖大學求學、任教，親身體驗了中美教育交流和科學合作的變革性影響。“這段經曆塑造了我對人類共同未來的堅定信念，這是一個求同存異的未來，一個深化合作與交流的未來。”

受此激勵，他和多位同道一起，于2015年開啟了一段新的事業——在中國杭州創辦一所高起點、小而精、研究型的大學。“我們共同的夢想，是将她建設成為高水平教育與科研的國際化中心，從這裡走出去的新一代學子，能夠造福于中國和世界，推動人類文明進步。”

西湖大學國際暑期學校

國際化與全球視野，是西湖大學始終秉持的人才培養理念之一。

截至目前，西湖大學聘用了來自全球15個國家和地區的230位學術人才，與海内外45所大學建立合作關系。每年夏天，校内多個學科方向的夏令營也面向全球高中生、大學生開放。

施一公說，這所成長于中國大地的高等學府，正在并将一如繼往地以中國、世界和人類的未來為己任。“氣候變化、糧食安全、健康危機等，是我們共同面對的挑戰，而大學正是應對這些挑戰的完美坐标。”

Unlike Yale of more than 300 years old, Westlake University was founded less than six years ago. Supported by both public funding and private philanthropy, Westlake is a new-type research university, the first of its kind in the history of modern China. The word "new-type" defines a new concept and reflects our role as a vanguard in reforming higher education in China. Westlake is governed by a Board of Trustees, and is committed to advancing the frontiers of science and technology by nurturing the next generation of scientists, engineers, and leaders with a global mindset.

At Westlake, we are proud to bring together students, scholars, faculty, and staff from many countries and different cultures. 230 exceptional scientists from 15 countries and regions have joined us as faculty members. Of these, 11 have a Yale background. Both Chinese and English are official languages at Westlake, and all science courses are taught in English.

Last year, we hosted 31 American students on our campus for a summer program. During their stay, they exchanged their views on science, research, society, and the world with local Chinese students. They engaged in collaborative studies, participated in recreational activities, and worked together on research projects. The friendships these students enjoyed in the summer program will continue for many years to come.

We strive to build bridges with institutions worldwide. By now, we have established partnerships with 45 universities worldwide. We played host to 37 students of Cornell University who were stranded in China during the fight against COVID. We enrolled our first undergraduate class of only 60 students in Fall 2022; they will go to our partnering universities in the U.S. for one-semester exchanges in the coming Fall. We are developing a truly international community to build bridges between China and the rest of the world.

Westlake was built in China, but it serves the entire world and all humanities.

主旨演講的最後，施一公再次回應“同一個世界，同一個未來”的主題。

“我們正身處一個充滿不确定性的時代，因此我們将比以往任何時候都更需要全球合作，而這也是中美學術合作與交流的價值所在。”他說，大學是知識、創新和多樣化發展的堡壘，正如曆史曾上演的那些故事一樣，這些合作應是超越政治分歧的，超越國界的。

“與其做曆史的旁觀者，不如行動起來，創造曆史，創造未來。”